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When you've lost your job, academic discussions of the unemployment rate and economic trends may have little appeal. You just want to get back to work! But an understanding of the larger forces at work may help you to plan your future. For example, if you have been recently laid off from your manufacturing job, you may want to get trained in a new career rather than wait around for another manufacturing job that may never come.
Ways To Measure Employment
We hear on the news that the U.S. unemployment rate is hovering near ten percent. This is considered very high. Historically in the U.S., the unemployment rate hovers around five percent-about half as much. In reality, the ten percent rate means that in the spring of 2010 there were about 6.1 million Americans who were classified as "long-term unemployed," that is, people who were out of work for longer than 27 weeks. But this figure does not include the millions more who are "underemployed" (working a part-time or low-paying job because nothing else was available) and those who want work but have given up looking. It also does not count those adults who are outside of the labor force, and have no job and are not looking for one. Many of these people are going to school, are retired, have family responsibilities, or have a physical or mental disability. Some simply elect not to work, preferring to be dependent on society for survival.
There are many ways to calculate the unemployment rate. Unemployed workers are typically defined as those who are currently not working but are both willing and able to work for pay, currently available to work, and have actively searched for work. The unemployment rate is expressed as a percentage, and is calculated as follows:
Unemployment rate = Unemployed workers / Total labor force
Some ways to calculate how many people are unemployed include:
? Social insurance statistics are computed based on the number of persons collecting unemployment benefits. This method has been criticized because the long-term unemployed drop off the unemployment rolls and are no longer counted.
? Labor force sample surveys capture the most complete and comprehensive results and enable calculation of unemployment by different group categories such as race and gender.
? Public polling asks a random sample of people about their job status. The Current Population Survey (CPS), or Household Survey, is conducted by the United States Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The survey gathers employment statistics monthly based on a sample of 60,000 households.
? Official estimates are generated by a using a combination of data derived from one or more of the aforementioned methods.
What Creates Unemployment?
Discounting those people who choose not to seek employment, in modern industrialized nations it has been a historical reality that there is always some level of unemployment-that is, there are always some people who are seeking jobs. But there are several powerful forces that can create fluctuations in unemployment.
1. Technology shifts. As recently as a few years ago, DVD rental companies like Blockbuster were growing and thriving because they capitalized on what was at the time an exciting new technology: movies on DVD that you could play at home. Now many of these same companies face layoffs and even bankruptcy because the technology is outdated.
2. Recession. Even well-managed companies are vulnerable to larger economic downturns. A company that produces the best widgets in the world will suffer if their customers can no longer afford to buy them.
3. External events. The U.S. airline industry is a classic example of an industry hammered by external events. The terrorist attacks of September 11 shut down the entire industry for a week, and the resulting security measures and fuel prices drove up costs in what was already a cost-heavy business.
4. Competition. The U.S. auto industry failed to keep up with foreign competitors who were focused on quality and had lower cost structures. If you are a Detroit auto worker, you know that the auto business may recover, but it will never be the same as it was in 1980. If you can get training for another career field, it might be a good idea.
How long will this period of high unemployment last? No one knows for sure, but history has proven that business runs in cycles-whatever goes up must eventually come up down again.
ConsumerFinanceReport.com features an extensive article library covering a wide range of personal finance issues and topics, such as the article on factors that raise unemployment Rates. Additional sections include advice on how consumers can best pay off debt.
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At a time when our cash strapped Government are urging people to stand on their own two feet and not to rely on the State to provide, those who can, are considering their options. The greatest concern for people in both the public and private sector is unemployment and how to cope financially if are out of work. For those with only limited savings to fall back on, because of the pitifully low level of state benefits, a private provision to top these up has become a priority. The UK insurance industry has responded with several products people can buy directly on-line to meet this need.
Unemployment Protection Insurance is designed to enable the customer to continue repaying their debts, such as mortgages, loans and credit cards, if they have to stop working due to accident, sickness or unemployment. The BBC reported on 22 November 2010 that some people are putting their homes at risk 'due to 600 debts.' This is both frightening and so easily avoided by anyone who has the foresight to grab themselves an Unemployment Insurance policy when it is available to them.
But there is a problem. Many people only think about buying an insurance policy to cover their debts and other living expenses when it is too late. This is because, when taking out the policy, they must be able to truthfully state that they did not expect to be unable to work. Otherwise the Insurance Company would have every right to refuse to pay. So, if a firm or organisation has not made any announcements about laying people off, it is well their employees giving serious thought to this right now.
The better Unemployment Protection Insurance policies will offer a route for the customer to purchase the type of cover that is best value for them. In this regard, it is worth noting, that covering mortgage repayments and a small amount of household expenses each month is usually much cheaper than asking for, say, 1000 monthly benefit that is not linked to any particular repayments. The later is the province of short term Income Protection Insurance, good, but rarely the cheapest to buy.
How much cover?
Anyone thinking about Unemployment Insurance should consider how they would cope if their income stopped or was reduced due to accident, sickness or unemployment. They must look at their own financial circumstances, including any other insurance cover or savings they already have. The great majority of people taking out this cover know they could cope if they were out of work for a month or two*. However, if this stretched out to six or eight months, they would be in deep trouble.
Savings can meet every day expenses such as food and fuel for quite a while, provided the weight of large monthly bills (typically mortgage repayments, rent or loans) can be shouldered by an Unemployment Protection Insurance policy. Therefore this is usually the money saving approach that most people take when selecting their benefits, they buy a policy that will pay their important bills until they are back at work.
Who can apply?
These policies are offered to anyone over 18 and under 65 who live and work in the UK. Usually this cover can also be bought by people who are part time (working at least 16 hours a week) as well as the self-employed or individuals on fixed-term contracts,
What is covered?
This insurance pays the policyholder the sum they choose each month as a monthly benefit for up to a year or until they go back to work. It is possible to buy a policy that pays out for up to 2 years, however as the average spell of unemployment at this time is up to about 8 months*, most opt for a cheaper 12 month policy. It is possible to claim more than once a year on this type of insurance.
What is not paid?
Unemployment Insurance will not cover any medical conditions the person knew about at the start
of their policy. The insurers also exclude pregnancy or any absence due to self harm. In respect of unemployment, these policies will not pay out if the policyholder resigns or accepts voluntary redundancy. Equally, no payment will be made if the person loses their job due to doing something that breaks the conditions of their employment contract (e.g. misconduct or theft).
For unemployment benefits to be paid, most insurers impose a deferment period. This usually means that the policy has to be in force 90 or 120 days (providers vary) before the policyholder can claim.
Easy to cancel
Premiums are usually collected monthly by direct debit and if the policyholder decides they don't need the cover any more, they can simply cancel their direct debit. This will end the policy immediately and without penalty.
Buying
In a world where future employment prospects are uncertain, for anyone who does not have enough saved to meet their bills for six months to a year out of work, this cover is certainly worth serious consideration. For the lowest prices look for the specialist providers on-line.
To avoid the hard sell from tele-sales brokers, it is wise to only get quotes from companies who will give an indicative price before the applicant has to complete their telephone number. There are some that purport to be comparison web sites to induce the customer to complete their contact details. These are then immediately sold on to a company with commission driven sales agents who don't take no for an answer!
Price
Dennis Haggerty from specialist i:protect insurance commented, "Expect to pay 20 to 40 per month for a policy that pays out 1000 per month if you are unable to work. It is important to note, unlike car insurance, Unemployment Insurance costs progressively more as you get older. This has come about because it is proving much harder for the over 50's to find work and health issues become worse with age, both have pushed up prices"
Unemployment Insurance may not suit everyone. However it is a good value option for young families and individuals who would rapidly find themselves in serious debt if they were out of work for any length of time. The key is not to delay applying for this insurance until an employer raises redundancy concerns. By then it will be too late for employees to cover themselves in respect of any job losses that may occur.
*Industry data from Financial Services Forum Oct 2010.
Dennis Haggerty FCII M IDM Marketing Manager iprotectinsurance.co.uk specialises in the supply of low cost on line Unemployment Insurance, Lifestyle Protection, Income Protection and Mortgage Payment Protection Insurance.
The key to the success of i:protectinsurance has been the focus upon supplying a product range that is exceptional value for money because it is available exclusively on-line. This eliminates the usual costs associated with selling insurance: telesales teams, direct mail, middlemen and commission.
The i:protectinsurance product range includes Unemployment Insurance Income Protection / Lifestyle Protection, Mortgage Payment Protection, Gadget Insurance and Mobile Phone Insurance called Phone PLUS
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